Social Psychological Theories Of Criminal Behavior

In the world of youth and delinquent, criminals advancing their activity into adulthood, social psychological theories help to develop the criminal justice field to better cope with what is faced by youths. â€Å"Social psychological theories of criminal behavior emphasize subjective life experiences, such as the development of one’s identity, cognitive and emotional processes, and the capacity to make choices.† (Listenbee, 2014 p.1.) Utilizing social aspects of the past and present criminal justice agencies can predict the type of life that may be lived by the young adult, whether it is a criminally active life-style or more conformed to the civilities of society. With knowledge of what may yet come in the life of a juvenile, it is possible to curve the criminal activity of the youth by placing them into detention centers or counseling programs to steer them into a positive direction. This would take the full complement of energy from all those that participate in the life of the youth to include parents, teachers, counselors and any other adults in the youths life. In utilizing social psychological theories information must be gathered and obtained so that a structure can be formed from those with experience in the development of morals to youths. Youth counselors are the most likely to be placed in the position to speak with juveniles either on a one on one basis or in a group scene. In concerns to the juvenile court system, it is easy for the officials of the courtShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Biological Criminology1240 Words   |  5 Pages He believed that criminals are born, not made. A â€Å"born criminal†, is a â€Å"defective individual†, whom has natural or instinctive tendencies towards low types of social life. (Biosocial and Psychological Theories, Feb. 11, 2014) Biological criminology believes criminals are genetically determined but face major shortcomings for being â€Å"simplistic, untestable, illogical, and often ideological† (Biosocial and Psychological Theories, Feb. 11, 2014). By the 1950’s, biological theories had almost been wipedRead MoreCriminological Theories Help Professionals Better Understand Why Individuals Commit Crimes1375 Words   |  6 PagesCriminological theories help professionals better understand why individuals commit crimes. The hope is that by gaining a better understanding of why people commit crimes, we can help prevent them better in the future. Currently, there are several different theories that individuals have claimed to be the reason for criminal behavior. Some of those theories include classical, neoclassical, biological, sociological, psychological, social, choice or strain. Each theory, while sometimes intertwinedRead MoreThe Theory Of Routine Activity Theory870 Words   |  4 PagesChoice theory (routine activity) or trait theories (bio social and psychological), which is responsible for more criminal activity? In order to det ermine which one causes more criminal activity, they each must be defined. Choice Theory (routine activity) Rational choice theory commonly known as choice theory is based off of beliefs from classic criminology, which believe that individuals freely choose their behavior and are motivated by the pursuit of gratification and the attempt to avoid painRead MoreThe Biological Theory Of Crime Causation1082 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning of the concept of cause as it pertains to human behavior. Examining why people commit crime is very important in the ongoing debate of how crime should be handled and prevented. A few of the theories that have emerged and continue to be explored are biological, sociological and psychological theories. While individually and in combination, these theories of crime causation affect human behavior and actions. The biological theory of crime causation includes your genes, body type, and traitsRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime Causation871 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the important goals to criminology is to create valid and accurate theories of crime causation. A theory could be defined as a statement that explains why a certain circumstance does not happen. A valid theory should always have the ability to predict future occurrences of the circumstance in question and also have the ability to be tested (Siegel, 2013). Even though there was talk on the code of law and how crime should be handled from years ago, according to Siegel, the science of criminologyRead MorePsychological and Sociological Theories of Domestic Violence Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagesproduct of physical, emotional, sexual, psychological, and any other forms of torture or torment that the particular abuser wishes to employ to gain control or power over their victims (Gosselin, 2005). Due to the complexity of this crime, ma ny criminologists and socialologists have studied its causes and the effects in order to determine social policies and additional theories to better understand the causation of domestic violence. The social policies and theories that are developed from this researchRead MoreA Study Of Crime Fell Into The Domain Of Metaphysicians, Penologists And Moralists1478 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus for the biological school of thought was that criminals do have physical characteristics that are well defined and are distinct when compared to people who abide by the law. In fact, Lombroso believed that born criminals had the physical, mental, and instincts of primitive man (earlier stage of human evolution), which meant these born criminals were unsuited for a civilized society and unless incapacitated they would inevitably violate the social and legal rules (Akers Sellers, 2013). EssentiallyRead MoreThe Theory Of Body Types, And The Y Chromosome Theory1194 Words   |  5 Pagesto Sociology March 26, 2016 Deviance Many different theories exist regarding deviance. Biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives have applied their different thought processes to produce many theories. Some of these ideas have been discredited, however some remain significant today. Sociological theories differ from biological and psychological theories by looking at external factors rather than internal ones. Biological theories on deviance are the result of looking for answers thatRead MoreIntroduction: There are many theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon of juvenile1000 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: There are many theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and the factors that cause it. There is, and has been, a great amount of young people who engage in delinquent behavior throughout the nation and worldwide. What exactly is the catalyst that incites these young people to commit crime and stray from the ethical norm established in society? Are all youth susceptible to the temptation of deviant behavior or is it just some? Theories suggest different possibleRead MoreEffectiveness of the Individual Explanation in Comparison to Social Explanation of Crime937 Words   |  4 Pagesexplanation in comparison to social explanation of crimes, I will draw upon the theory of positivism and strain. There are controversies in which evaluation is the most effective. Unquestionably, both standpoints do have it limitations and strength, I will draw upon case examples and researches of both views in order to critically assess both effectiveness in explaining the oc currence of crimes. Individual explanation of crime is an approach ought to convey that criminal behavior is solely dependent on

Security Surveillance System Security Through Image...

SECURITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM Security Through Image Processing Prof.Vishal Meshram,Jayendra More Department of Electronics Telecommunication Engineering (ExTC), University Of Mumbai Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering Maharashtra State Highway 79, Mohili, Maharashtra 421601, India. Vishalmmeshram19@gmail.com, more.jayendra@yahoo.in Bhagyesh Birari,Swapnil Mahajan Department of Electronics Telecommunication Engineering (ExTC), University Of Mumbai Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering Maharashtra State Highway 79, Mohili, Maharashtra 421601, India. bhagyeshbb86@gmail.com, swapnilmahajan939@gmail.com Abstract—Automatic recognition of people is a challenging problem which has received much attention during recent years due to its many applications in different fields. Face recognition is one of those challenging problems and up to date, there is no technique that provides a robust solution to all situations. This paper presents a technique for human face recognition. A self-organizing program is used to identify if the subject in the input image is â€Å"present† or â€Å"not present† in the image database. Face recognition with Eigen values is carried out by classifying Eigen values in both images. The main advantage of this technique is its high-speed processing capability and low computational requirements, in terms of both speed, accuracy and memory utilization. The goal is to implement the system for a particular face and distinguish itShow MoreRelatedCctv Camera Surveillance System For Image Detection1293 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract—The propose d work is Smart CCTV camera surveil-lance system. CCTV camera can be wirelessly monitored and control with the help of the RF module . In the monitoring site, the system captures the video through the embedded multitask operating system. The digital video has been compressed by the MJPEG algorithm. By the TV the users can view the monitors video directly, by the common Gateway interface, the users who are authorized can also control the camera and observe the motion detectionRead MoreAutomated Vehicle Surveillance System Using Qr Code1591 Words   |  7 PagesAutomated Vehicle Surveillance System Using QR Code Nikhil J. Adsure1, Tanmay N. Kubde2, Umesh J. Patil3 Information Technology Department, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala, India1,2,3,4 Abstract: Automation is the use of machines, control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services. The correct incentive for applying automation is to increase productivity, and/or quality beyond that possible withRead MoreEssay on History of Earth Obersvation Satellites1343 Words   |  6 PagesEarth observation satellites (EOS) are orbit apparatus specially designed for earth surveillance and monitoring in order to achieve an enriched understanding of the earth’s layers and system. Basically, EOS are grouped in synchronized series of polar orbiting satellites for a permanent observation job towards the ground section, water surface, atmosphere and biosphere. EOS are operated at low altitude (around 800 km) in order to obtain a better portrait of designated objectives. 1.2 History TheRead MoreEssay about Privacy and Ethical issues with Google Glass1732 Words   |  7 PagesInternet and interact with the user by natural language voice commands that starts with â€Å"ok glass†. Google glass use Android operating system and is equiped with 12GB of usable memory storage, WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity, and 5 megapixel camera capable of shooting 720p videos. The device allow users to capture picture, record videos, connect to internet, upload images and videos, and interact with social networks and her mobile phone [2]. Consumer version of Google glass will be available on the retailRead MoreTechniques Used For Extracting Useful Information From Images1029 Words   |  5 Pagesfocusses on the enhanced image searching which can be carried out by performing few of the existing techniques used for extracting useful information from images. These techniques include image classification, Feature Extraction, Face detection and recognition and image retrieval et c. 4.1 Image Classification After the image has been processed using the 3 frameworks proposed the image needs to be classified which is done using the image classification technique of image mining. Classification canRead MorePlate Recognition Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesStandard High Security Number Plates Recognition and Detection System of Stolen Cars using RTOS 1Mukesh Singh Chandel, 2 Ms. Satya Verma 1M. Tech Scholar, 2 Head of Department 1Computer Science, 2Computer Science, 1MATS School of Engineering and IT, Aarang, Raipur (C.G.), India 2MATS School of Engineering and IT, Aarang, Raipur (C.G.), India 1mukesh.chandel08@gmail.com, 2satyaverma@matsuniversity.ac.in Abstract—In India automatic Indian number plate detection and recognition system have the importantRead MoreStudying Real Time Application On College Student For Automatic Detection And Recognition Of Student1543 Words   |  7 Pagesthe image is detected. In the second step, a face detection algorithm detects faces of each person. In third step, we use a face recognition algorithm to match the faces of persons in the captured image with the database of students’ faces which also stores personal as well as academic information of each student. In final step, the face of student along with his/her personnel information will be displayed on screen to the user when the image captured by CCTV camera contains any student image of presentRead MoreChallenges Faced With Big Data1731 Words   |  7 Pagesit’s mean there is some potential in big data and benefits are also real but still some challenges like scalability, heterogeneity, integration, privacy, security etc. need to be addressed for realizing full potential of big data. One of the major challenge is transformation of unstructured data to structured form for accurate and timely processing. Challenges with big data starts with very first phase of big data analysis pipeline that is data acquisition phase. It’s a challenging task to determineRead MoreImprove ATM Security by Face Recognition Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesfunction like checking balance withdraw money, changing pin numbers etc. The ATM cards and pin numbers are used for security purpose. But this system is using SIM card in place of ATM cards. In order to improve security the system first authenticate the person if he/she is recognized then it will ask the password of the account. This system used Spartan 3 FPGA board to control the system. One buzzer is connected on the FPGA board which gives instructions to the user to access the Account. If the personRead MoreThe Risk Management Plan For Starbucks880 Words   |  4 Pagespositive brand image within the company itself and also within the communities they serve. The company s passion is expressed throughout its products, engaging baristas, and modern store designs, all directed towards enhancing the â€Å"Starbucks experience† for its customers. With these high goals and standards as well as the desire to deliver the best service within all of its locations, the company is exposed to various types of risks. The frequent potential losses controlled through prevention include

Dynamics of the Refugee Movement During and After the Partition Free Essays

Several themes have been identified in the film â€Å"Khamosh Pani†, all speaking about the society and politics of Pakistan and the influence of the partition on the two. The concept goes from discussing the refugee movements to Zia’s Islamization and the religious intolerance to position of women in our culture. In my paper, I’ll be talking mostly about the dynamics of the refugee movement during and after 1947. We will write a custom essay sample on Dynamics of the Refugee Movement During and After the Partition or any similar topic only for you Order Now India was divided on the 14th and 15th of August, 1947 into the sovereign states of the union of India (latter republic of India) and the dominion of Pakistan (latter renamed as Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Peoples Republic of Bangladesh). The partition was broadcasted in the Indian Independence act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Indian Empire. Punjab was divided into two, the west side for Punjab of Pakistan and the east side for Punjab of India. The major districts affected were jallunder, Gurdespur and Hoslipur. Sadly the people of this area knew not until almost the last minute whether they were to put as part of India or Pakistan. Apart from this, Bengal province was divided into East Pakistan (Bangladesh after 1971), far from the rest of the country (West Pakistan). The Partition resulted in the relocation of around eight million Muslims, and some what the same numbers of Sikhs and Hindus, across the Indo-Pakistan borders in the in 1947. This has been recorded as the largest refugee movement of the 20th century, and was accompanied by communal violence and atrocities committed on all sides of the religious spectrum, with a death toll calculated at approximately 1 million. People were moving from east Punjab to west Punjab and vice versa, west Bengal to east and people from the mainland India, United Province /Central Province/Delhi mainly migrated to urban area of Pakistan especially Karachi and Hyderabad. Over all some 14 million people left everything behind and set out to move across the newly formed border by train, bus, lorry, bull arts and foot, all to seek refuge with â€Å"their own kind†. Many were slaughtered by the opposing side, many starved or exhausted to death. Also, a large number of those who made it across died from diseases like cholera dysentery. People were left behind as well, families were broken apart. This is shown in â€Å"Khamosh Pani† too. The refugees had to face many proble ms, this accounts for both sides of the border. Their problems can mainly be classified into social, economical and emotional/psychological. Social problems are normally that of adjusting with the new language and new culture. However, in this case, although communication and culture may not have been the major problem, there were other social problems such as having to leave their community and neighbours, people with such strong family ties from centuries. The social displacement was so huge, in India they lived in villages, in mohallahs, in cities within net cohesive societies. And then coming to a new land, trying to embrace it and hoping to be embraced back by it. When they came here, they had to disperse all over Pakistan where ever they could settle or get their hold over property. Secondly the economic problems meant having to leave all their assets/ property/ belongings behind when they shifted to the new area. They had no shelter, no food, and no money. Although some land was allotted on proof of property possession in India but most people did not have property documents. This also links with the administrative problem that the system and the government faced because of these refugees. It had nothing to feed them; the country itself was just learning to stand on its own feet. There was massive insecurity and threat. The funds it had, it wanted to pump into defence for the long term interest and safekeeping of the country. However, the already residing Muslims welcomed them and backed them up, the government put up relief camps for the refugee wellbeing but this too only mean further movement and disarticulation for them. Still with no business, no job, no property, the life of the refugees took a new start from scratch. Thirdly, the refugees were over come with stress, mental exhaustion and psychological denial. Having to leave their assets behind and struggling for life in a new piece of land was one thing; these people had seen so much blood shed that is was nearly impossible to continue life in its normal state. The thought your loved ones killed, slaughtered, shot, burned gives one the chills, and these people had to witness such horror through their own eyes. The opposing side killed mercilessly. They looted. They molested and captured and killed females. Such images aren’t easily forgotten and stories still run in many families of the hardships faced by our ancestors. Relatives left behind had it worse, and their families lived in the trauma of knowing their loved was alive and there was no way of getting to them, as shown in the film â€Å"Khamosh Pani†. The difficulties these refugees faced no doubt caused incurable pain and discomfort. But did they get an advantage out of all this? Did they and their generations live better now then had they not migrated? Certainly yes. The migration to a Muslim homeland opened doors for opportunities they would have never seen otherwise. Same goes for the Sikh and Hindus that migrated to the east. They got a better economic environment, new jobs, and new business. Many got better properties. In united India, very few Muslims could get good jobs and favourable livelihood, due to the British favourism towards the Hindus/non Muslims. The new civil sector, government sector, the military, proper colleges and universities, all opened up new branches to life for these refugees. They could now enjoy a life that would otherwise not have been possible for many decades to come. How to cite Dynamics of the Refugee Movement During and After the Partition, Papers

Developing Academic Skills

Question: Discuss about theDeveloping Academic Skills. Answer: Introduction: The organizations have witnessed a major transformation in the recent years. The changes in the overall organizational structure have impacted all the major departments of the organization (Massa, 2014). The marketing department has also changed the way it functions. The traditional concept of the Business to Business (B2B) marketing assumed that the decisions of the buyer are more rational (Brennan, 2014). It focused only on return, risk and strategic advantage. It was not attractive and was often unable to pull the target audience. This concept of marketing has changed. The modern customers should be handled in a unique manner (Brennan, 2014). The organizations need to follow a different approach of marketing decision making process which considers parameters such status, popularity and emotional attributes (Pettigrew, 2014). There have been changes in the business cultures. The workplaces are more flexible which has caused the conjunction of the personal and professional lives. Th is has resulted in an increase in the human-to-human marketing (Profera, Arthur Tierney, 2015). The organizations follow a unique way in handling the B2B marketing. The B2B buyers rely solely on the price of the products, while considering the quality of the product. The brands have adopted a customer centric approach by giving utmost importance to their needs (Massa, 2014). They focus more on creating one to one relationships with the client so that they can satisfy their needs in a better way (Profera, Arthur Tierney, 2015). The students need to understand the changing patterns of the B2B marketing and also understand the advantages as well as disadvantages. Topic Sentence The workplace flexibility has made the brands to interact more with the other organizations in pursuit of generating more profits. The workplace flexibility has led to an increase in the B2B marketing initiatives as the companies have found out multiple ways to interact with the B2B customers. Supporting Evidence (Johnson Sohi, 2013) who discusses The B2B marketing or the Business to Business Marketing involves the sales of the products manufactured in one company to another company for profit generation motives. The workplace flexibility is an important concept which helps the employees to enjoy more work life balance. This increases the satisfaction of the employees who can be more productive. The productive employees usually engage in better interaction with the partner organizations. They strike conversation between the business using innovative approaches. The workplace flexibility causes the employees to be overwhelmed and feel motivated to perform their job duty. They engage in B2B marketing in their convenient time, which increases the productivity of the organization as a whole. Topic Sentence The increased digitalization is an inherent characteristic of the modern organizations. The greater technological advancements have led to increased B2B marketing initiatives. Supporting Evidence (Turber et al., 2014) who states that The digital revolution is affecting the way the companies interact with each other. The content marketing is an integral part of the B2B marketing process as it involves with the creation of quality description of a particular product. The digital technology has enabled the businesses to support, enable and influence the strategic direction of the organization. The digital tools make it easier for the companies to interact with other businesses and communicate regularly. The company can engage in innovative marketing tools such as social networking tools to engage with the consumers. The social media helps the brand to improve their SEO rankings which increases their visibility in the market. The telecommunications facilities like video conferencing, online messaging services and online chat services are helpful in fostering communication between the businesses. Contrasting Evidence (Lee, Uslay Meuter, 2013) who argues that The information technology has negative impact on the B2B marketing initiatives. The technology has ceased to create a personal touch with the B2B customers. The information technology has created a void in the inter personal relations between the business entities. Topic Sentence The modern organizations put greater emphasis on the customer engagement measures. This is helpful in generating more prospective B2B customers. Supporting Evidence (Lomas, 2016) who mentions that Customer engagement leads to the commitment towards the organization. The commitment concerns with the eagerness to connect with a particular brand. The B2B clients should create an impression that they are consistent in the delivery of the products or the services. The optimum relationship with the B2B clients would lead to greater number of reorders, which is beneficial for the organization. The positive interaction between the brands would lead to retention of the B2B customers. The smooth flow of communication, understanding of the clients business offering, mutual trust and other engagement activities would help the companies to generate more number of B2B customers. The B2B customers must engage with the evolution of the relationships with the companies, perceived level of the company, opportunities for development, assessment of the team members and others. Contrasting Evidence (Halbesleben, Wheeler Shanine, 2013) who argues that Customer engagement is a difficult task for an organization. There are a number of aspects that the company should pay attention such as utility, quality, responsiveness and service. The company cannot always connect to the B2B customers at an emotional level, which is the most important factor. Topic Sentence B2B marketing involves complex decision making process which is similar to the complex functioning of the modern day organizations. Supporting Evidence (Badinelli et al., 2012) who discusses The decision making unit of B2B market is highly complex and involves analysis of a wide variety of parameters. There are a number of stakeholders involved in the decision making process, based on the level of complexity. For example, if the decision involves the purchase of a manufacturing plant, there would be a large number of employees who would be engaged in the decision making process. The B2B buyers usually seek a good financial deal, which implies that the B2B organizations need to satisfy a wide variety of customers. The modern organizations consist of the co-existence of a number of departments such as human resource, procurement, legal, material and others which function together so that there is optimum organizational productivity. This enhances the quality of decision making process as there are a number of stakeholders. The individuals contribute their cultural background and the psychological attributes to the decision making process, which enriches the quality of the decisions. Topic Sentence B2B marketing is benefitted from the customer loyalty of the modern day workplaces, which focus on extensive marketing campaigns to attract the potential customers as well as the existing customers. Supporting Evidence (Kotler et al., 2015) who discusses The modern day organizations rely heavily on the marketing campaigns. The increased marketing activities increase the brand visibility which leads to greater number of prospective buyers. The increased use of cross selling drives the organizations to offer unique products to the customers. The B2B customers get useful products at an attractive style, which generates interest to purchase the products. The organizations offer lucrative offers to the B2B customers, which are not available to masses or the general public. The B2B markets should derive strategic advantage. It not only requires the customer loyalty, but it also requires the product differentiation. The customers require dependable delivery services, collaboration and sufficient level of responsiveness from their B2B partners. It is also important to focus on the strategic and economic value of the business so that the B2B clients can trust them. The creation of trust leads to the creation of the customer loyalty, which is the fundamental factor in the B2B process. Conclusion The modern workplace is transforming the dynamics of the business-to-business marketing. The B2B marketing process requires a flexible approach rather than a rigid one. The objectives of the B2B marketing include the creation of a long term relationship with the client and the creation of the brand associates. There is no fixed formula for creating the relationships with the client; rather a customized approach must be adopted and. It must suit the preferences of the individual B2B clients and hence there is a need to adopt flexible approach. The digital marketing is a common trend of the modern day organizations. It leads to enhanced customer satisfaction, more number of sales and instant communications with the clients. The B2B customers use multiple sources of communication such as websites, seminars, conferences, surveys, whitepapers and others. The social media network is extremely popular in the B2B marketing domain. The organizations are engaging in customer engagement measure s so that there is more number of repeat customers. This would lead to an increase in the profit generation margin of the organization. The modern organizations are characterized by complex decision making process, which leads to efficient B2B marketing. The B2B marketing and the modern workplace are characterized by the evaluation of the alternatives and deriving a decision from them. The complex structure of a modern day workplace leads to efficient decision taking abilities regarding the process of B2b marketing. References Badinelli, R., Barile, S., Ng, I., Polese, F., Saviano, M., Di Nauta, P. (2012). Viable service systems and decision making in service management.Journal of Service Management,23(4), 498-526. Brennan, R. (2014).Business-to-business Marketing(pp. 83-86). Springer New York. Halbesleben, J. R., Wheeler, A. R., Shanine, K. K. (2013). The moderating role of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the work engagementperformance process.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,18(2), 132. Johnson, J.S. Sohi, R.S., 2013, March. . the implementation of new marketing strategies by business-to-business salespeople: the constraining factor model. inrobert mittelstaedt doctoral symposium proceedings (p. 1). Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lee, O. F., Uslay, C., Meuter, M. L. (2013). Antecedents and Consequences of Technology Orientation (TECHOR) for Small Firms.Enterprise Development in SMEs and Entrepreneurial Firms: Dynamic Processes: Dynamic Processes, 214. Lomas, L. M. (2016). Business-to-Business Marketing Perceptions: Customer Knowledge Management and Customer Engagement. Massa, P. M. (2014). Brand-Led Transformation: Operationalising the Brand in.Handbook of Research on Managing and Influencing Consumer Behavior, 439. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Profera, E. L., Arthur, M. A., Tierney, B. (2015). Return on investment: new strategies for marketing digital resources to academic faculty. InCharleston Conference Proceedings. Turber, S., vom Brocke, J., Gassmann, O., Fleisch, E. (2014, May). Designing business models in the era of internet of things. InInternational Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems(pp. 17-31). Springer International Publishing.

Witch Dbq free essay sample

The Witch Witch. A word that, nowadays, carries along with it thoughts of pleasant schools of magic and candy corn for Halloween. But several hundred years ago, from about 1480 to 1700, the term witch was an altogether sinister and grave term, one that was not thrown around lightly, as it often brought upon those tagged with it fates arguably worse than death. It was the era of the Inquisition, in which panels of judges were created for the sole purpose of condemning witches, and executioners prospered like never before. It was a time of religious fanaticism and political unning, of death and wrongful accusations. Witches were persecuted for mainly three reasons, namely for religion, profit, and dislike towards the old, lower-class women. Pope Innocent VIII himself endorsed the trials, claiming that the Devil had taken reign of the weak-willed, while others noted how the executioners prospered from all the executions to the point of their wealth rivaling that of the nobility. We will write a custom essay sample on Witch Dbq or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And then there are so many statistics showing that a good eighty percent of those executed were female, all of them lower class, and most of them around the age of ixty at a time when people lived not a day beyond seventy. Of course, religion was the base of this paranoia, and the biggest reason for all the persecutions. Religious reasons were the biggest reasons when it came to persecuting witches. People believed that witches were ultimately seduced by the Devil into doing his work for him, which encompassed killing babies and eating them (docA1). Others even considered simple acts such as caring for those with strange diseases as witchcraft (docA4). Others targeted witches for their un-Catholic behavior and difference of religion and faith (docB2). And there were those, such as Calvin, who found reason enough for burning witches in the Bible (docB4). The religious paranoia also had an adverse effect on the youth, who began to believe in devils and demons inhabiting peoples bodies (doc 85). Even scientists gave proof that the Devil was taking over old and embittered souls (docC1). Of course, not all persecutions were carried out for mere religious reasons. Some people had more concrete, materialistic gains to be had from the trials. Many people had much to gain from the trials. Some nobles were promoted for their extraordinary work in ridding the land of the Devil, while xecutioners raked in money with all the new business. Towns and inns in general profited from the great masses of people who would attend the trials and executions of the supposed witches (docA2). And then, of course, any important persons with power that stood in the way of someones advancement could always easily be disposed of by accusations of witchcraft (docA7). The mayor of Bamberg, Germany was one of several cases in which persons were bumped up the political ladder because of executions of those holding high government posts. Of course, not all

Messenger by Lois Lowry

Messenger by Lois Lowry Free Online Research Papers Messenger, by Lois Lowery, is about a boy named Matty and is set in futuristic times. Matty had come to Village six years ago after fleeing a life of hardship and poverty. In his old village he had a friend with a twisted leg named Kira. After Kira’s mother had passed away Matty had gone into Forest to find her a gift so she would like him better and that was when he came upon Village. The people there were kind to him and had all come from villages like his own and were all â€Å"broken† as he liked to put it. He met a blind man there who the people called Seer and after talking to him discovered that he was his friend Kira’s father who was said to be dead. After meeting her father Kira had promised to someday come to Village and live there when the time was right, but first she had things to accomplish. Matty returned to Village with Seer to live with him. Matty was a different person than he had been then. He had been attending school where his teacher, Mentor, who was a sweet old man with a birthmark on his face and a lovely daughter named Jean, had tamed him and taught him to speak correctly and read. Matty decided that when the time came for him to receive his true name he wanted to be called the Messenger. He took messages to other villages and around his own Village often and even took messages to his old village. Forest liked him which was fortunate because he spent most of his time in it. Many people were destroyed by Forest, but the trees on the paths almost seemed to spread and usher him through. One day Matty discovered a frog that was almost dead and when he reached down to pick it up a power surged through his hands. It was a feeling he had never before felt To his surprise when he put the frog back down its almost amputated leg was repaired. Matty was frightened and although secrets had been a part of his past he didn’t want anyone to know yet. Matty knew that Leader had a gift. Leader was a young man with blue eyes who had founded Village and he could see beyond. Could Matty have a gift as well? There was a change in Village that Matty had been noticing. Mentor’s birthmark was beginning to fade and he seemed to have a different attitude. He had created a petition to close Village Matty began to notice that other people were changing too. Seer noticed a difference too. Trade Mart used to be a place where people went to trade things but it seemed more important for some reason so Matty decided to go see what was happening. People were trading themselves for other things and this alarmed him. Mentor traded something for a woman and he began to stand straighter and care less about people. Matty told Leader about this and after it had been decided that Village would close to newcomming people Matty knew that he had three weeks to go retrieve Seer’s daughter or she would never be able to come live there. Leader looked beyond into Forest and told Matty it was dangerous and Forest was thickening so Matty must hurry Matty left with the puppy he had healed named Frolic to get Kira and Forest did seem different. He seemed to lose the paths he knew so well and couldn’t catch fish as easily. Kira had a gift too. She could thread pictures of the future although they only lasted a few seconds. Leader knew this as well and told Matty to save his gift. A wall was beginning to go up around Village. When he got to Kira she knew already it was time to go and what was happening. They left the next morning. Forest was so thick now Matty had a hard time finding the path. Poison dripped from the vines and burned Matty’s arms terribly and branches lashed out and cut Kira’s legs and feet. Leader looked beyond and saw Forest preparing to destroy them and he knew he must help. By the time Leader entered Forest Matty and Kira were lost in the middle of Forest and there was a horrible stench, no food, and snakes. Leader was coming to help them but the bugs were stinging him and the vines had grasped his foot and began to hold min down. He reached out in his mind to Kira who felt his presence but was too weak to go on. Leader told her to tell Matty that they needed his gift now. Matty was so weak he didn’t think he could do it but he placed his hands on the ground and power surged through them. Matty then saw himself above the trees floating. He saw things go back to the way they had been. Leader found Kira weeping over Matty’s body and she told Leader that Matty had been hoping to get his name after this trip. Leader picked up the boy’s body and said that he would be remembered as Healer. Lowery did a great job on this book. It is very interesting and unusual. Matty sacrifices himself for the world almost as Jesus did. Terms are used differently in the story and an example is the way the characters refer to the forest as â€Å"Forest† and give it characteristics of a living creature. This makes the story different and intriguing. I would recommend this book to anyone with an imagination and an eye for adventure. Research Papers on Messenger by Lois LowryBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMind Travel19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationQuebec and CanadaHonest Iagos Truth through Deception

Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Total Quality Management - Essay Example TQM has become part of the organizational culture within the operational environment of the business organization. For instance within the administrative setup of the prison organization, a number of departments interact on a daily basis. As much as a manufacturing or a service organization produces and sells a product for profits, the prison is an organization that delivers a service to the community though the community might not pay directly for the service. Theoretically the concept of TQM has three major principles such as satisfaction of the customer; satisfaction of the supplier; and continuous improvement. The first and major principle of TQM is to satisfy the customer who purchases the product or service. In fact customers always seek value for money when they buy a product or service (Stasiowski, & Burstein, 1993). Thus there are main sub categories under the first principle, i.e. users, company philosophy, internal customers and chain of customers. In the first instance user of the service can be different from the purchaser and therefore both the user and the customer must be satisfied. In the case of the prison management the service rendered to the society at large by efficiently managing the prison would be articulated in terms of the benefits that accrue to the society through such efficient management. For instance a continuous improvement in the quality of the service means that troubles and tribulations of all stakeholde rs including prisoners themselves would be reduced.In the internal organizational context of a prison quality improvement of service would reduce stress on employees and the general administration would improve to reduce the burden on the management. Thus the second sub-principle is centered on repeat sales to customers under TQM. In the prison management context, TQM enables the management to reduce internal conflicts that arise from friction between the management and prisoners. This must be the philosophy of the prison organization.Internal customers' satisfaction is the next sub principle under customer satisfaction is very important in the context of the prison management because managers onwards act as internal customers of services provided by employees. Minor offenders who are spending very short terms in the jail can be enrolled to provide their labor in respect of some services. For example gardeners and office peons are often those minor offenders who might be paid or not for their service (Pilgrim, & Smith, 2000). Customers of such service are primarily the departmental heads such as the meals department. The head of the meals department might co-opt the services of prisoners to clean and cut vegetables, fish and meat. Thus departmental heads might be satisfies with such labor if the latter is performed under efficient management conditions.TQM refers to the chain of customers as a sub category under the main principle of customer satisfaction. In the context of the prison management it is possible to discuss about the existence of an element of customers who purchase prison produce such as handlooms, farm products and agricultural produce made by prisoners. However it depends on the nature of the prison and the prisoners. For example murder convicts and similar major offenders are less likely to be employed on